The United States - 1302 Words

led by the Sons of Liberty: opened 342 chests of tea and dumped them into the Boston Harbor (dressed up as Native Americans) $900,000 worth of tea at that time In response, Britain passed the Coercive (Intolerable Acts) Massachusetts must pay for the tea, port of Boston was closed until the damages were repaid, MA charter was voided, and town hall meetings were outlawed - British coming down hard on Boston colonists, not being leniant The Continental Congress Responds the continental congress was formed in response to the Coercive Acts 12 colonies (not Georgia) sent representatives to have grievances redressed and a boycott grievances redressed - a list of my problems, fix it most did NOT WANT INDEPENDENCE; rather the days of Salutary Neglect (even during this time) ***AGAIN*** The Rising of the Countryside The Continental Association - a group that encouraged a third boycott against British goods Southern Planters Fear Dependency - many Virginia farmers were in debt to British merchants - they were afraid that the British might come down hard on them like in Boston, MA Loyalists and Neutrals Some Patriots - called for boycotts and some called for independence Sam Adams (a Patriot Leader) - was accused of serving his own interests as a priority instead of the colonists first Loyalists - those who were loyal to Britain) numbered around 20% - not a lot __________________________________________________________ Violence East and West Armed Resistance inShow MoreRelatedThe United States1368 Words   |  6 Pagesthat would affect the actions and history of the United States in the future. According to The Wordy Shipmates author Sarah Vowell, those colonists began the way the United States would be unique and not conform to what other countries do and this is shown in the actions the United States has taken throughout its history. Instead of conforming, most of the goals of the United States have been to allow other nations to conform to the United States’ image. Yet, those colonists who were being sent offRead MoreThe United States915 Words   |  4 PagesCheyanne Sitch Pod Cast 4 â€Å"The United States we stand at this moment at the summit of this world† –Winston Churchill. 1940 was the last year before the United States fully engaged themselves into the war. At this time the US was dealing with its 11th year of the depression. 1/7th of the population was unemployed at this time. This meant that nearly 14% of the workforce was unemployed in 1940 compared to the average of 17% in 1930. During this time the federal government did not maintain a povertyRead MoreThe United States949 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1900’s, the United States has expanded their trading routes with oriental lands such as the Philippines. A striking speech, delivered by a first-term republican senator, Albert J. Beveridge, strongly advocates the annexation of the Philippine islands to the USA. The most striking points about the senator’s speech are his three poorly thought out reasons justifying Americans to colonize the Philippines, which were religion, pr ofit, and race. The reason was for the American imperialism, whichRead MoreThe United States1489 Words   |  6 Pages The Oxford Dictionary defines Wisdom as the quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment. Looking over the history of the United States, it can be argued that as a nation, the U.S has grown wiser over the years. This due to the various obstacles that they’ve overcome. Many of which were conflicts that arose with other countries and, at one point, within itself. All of the decisions made during these times of tension and overall crisis, even though at the moment very difficult to getRead MoreThe United States1267 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing nearly six decades of severed diplomatic relations, President Obama announced in September 2015 that the United States would loosen a variety of economic restrictions on Cuba. This announcement came in the wake of a â€Å"diplomatic thaw† beginning in December 2014 with the intention of normalizing political, socia l, and economic relations between the two nations. While Cuba remains under restrictions imposed by the 1960 Cuban Embargo, the steps taken by the Obama administration represent aRead MoreThe United States1263 Words   |  6 PagesThrough political and racial attitudes that have persisted from our countries inception, these issues have evolved into the education system that is in place today, a system that is flawed and needs much revision. The Declaration of Independence states that all Americans are entitled to â€Å"Life, Liberty, and Property,† and while, in the modern era, it is widely believed that educations is part of those rights, this was not always the case. For example, the case that gave rise to one of the most infamousRead MoreThe United States995 Words   |  4 PagesIt has been a well-known fact that the United States has been a model example for the world since its inception. Through the course of time, the influence of the United States has slowly grown. The roots of this influence lie within the core of the United States government and have since branched out into language, the arts, food, and more (Zimmerman). While these aforementioned examples have largely come around in the past century, the origin of this process was first defined in around 1800 (Dictionary)Read MoreThe United States1489 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Over the centuries, the United States has developed a rich political culture which includes a number of center principles and standards that act as the foundation of American democracy. Not all Americans embrace similar perspectives, of course, but the vast majority agree and accept these collective values. The ideals of equality, unity, liberty, democracy, diversity and individualism are deeply a part of the institutional framework of society. Political disputes are inclined toRead MoreThe United States859 Words   |  4 Pagescapital or income for people, feeding families and providing fresh produce based on organic gardening and micro-farming projects. According to Smalls the unemployment rate in South Africa is around 25%, which is significantly higher compared to the United States unemployment of 5.4%. So, if people who are unemployed are willing to put in the hard work than, Abalimi Bezekhaya is a good fit for them. In particular, women typically do more of the domestic care like cooking and so being a part of the AbalimiRead MoreThe United States1980 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States continues to be in the spotlight, especially during an election year and specifically when it comes to immigration. Most recently I was intrigued by an article I read, titled â€Å" Articleâ€Å"that talked about the unprecedented number of unaccompanied children crossing our U.S. Borders illegally. What began as an intriguing subject that sparked my interest evolved into a desire to expand my knowledge on the subject of immigration, particularly these unaccompanied children crossing our

Dna Mutations And Its Effects On Humans Essay - 1341 Words

DNA Mutations Over a lifetime our DNA can undergo changes or ‘mutations’ in the sequence of bases; A, C, G and T. A mutation is a change that occurs in your DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is being copied or as the result of environmental factors.Mutations are essential for evolution to occur because they increase genetic variation. Mutations can occur during DNA replication if errors are made and not corrected in time. The mutation can have a positive or negative affect on humans. However, mutation can also disrupt normal gene activity. Sometimes DNA mutations don’t give a good or bad affect, the gene might just be different. DNA mutations do not always cause health and developmental problems, only a small percentage of mutations cause genetic disorders but most have no impact on health or development.Often cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it becomes a fixed mutation. A very small percentage of all mutations actually have a positive effect but these mutations lead to new versions of proteins that help an individual better adapt to changes in his or her environment. A beneficial mutation could result in a protein that protects an individual and future generations from a new strain of bacteria. This is important to modern society because if scientists could harvest a positive mutation we could already have a vaccine or antibiotic for future diseases. Currently there are studies for gene therapy to fixShow MoreRelatedIn The 21St Century, The Advancement In Medical Technology1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 21st century, the advancement in medical technology has allowed DNA testing and counseling to become accessible to the general public. With the rise in population genetic curiosity of ancestral DNA markers, the tests have also been available to discover probability for diseases that have been inherited or in the genetic code through DNA mutations. According to a study in 2010, DNA screening for breast cancer is one of the most widely tested for the disease in the U.S. (Gail and Mai, 2010:666)Read MoreApplication Of Using Crispr Cas875 Words   |  4 Pagesin space are endless. Scientist could manipulate the DNA of humans so that mutations provide astronauts with denser bones and larger amounts of muscle mass. Researchers can also use CRISPR-Cas to edit the genome of astronauts so that they resemble the mutations found in †Å"Superhumans.† These mutations would make astronauts less vulnerable to bone loss and many other effects experiences in space travel. In addition, scientist could splice human DNA with other organisms through a process called transgenesisRead MoreThe Human Genome And The Building Blocks Of Life1359 Words   |  6 PagesRaul Santos 7-8 Period 4/9/2015 Genetics Much research has gone into learning about the human genome and the building blocks of life. Thanks to genetic research we have learned about mutations and what medical effects they can have on a person. Genetic research allows us to better understand and genetic variation. It has made easier the process of mass producing crops. Because of how useful genetic research is, billions of dollars have been invested in it by companies around the world. But what exactlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Genetic And Genomics On Health And Disease758 Words   |  4 PagesEliana Giller Introduction: Genetic and genomics both play roles in health and disease. Body 1: Genetic make up comes from mutations within DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid. Each cell contains 9 feet of DNA. In an average mean you eat approximately 55,000,000 cells; this is equal to about 93,205 miles of DNA. DNA is formed by a specific type of molecule called nucleotides. Each nucleotide has a phosphate group, sugar group, and nitrogen base. The 4 types of nitrogen bases areRead MoreDescription And Function Of Mutagenesis1345 Words   |  6 Pagesand function change the amino acid sequence of a protein by altering the DNA sequence of cloned gene4. A particular amino acid is very important in catalytic activity, ligand binding, protein folding or other function. Amino acid residue significance is tested by making conservative substitutions or by changing the amino acid to either alanine or glycine. Site-directed mutagenesis is also used to construct compensatory mutations, which are used to show the importance of specific interactions by makingRead MoreOzone Depletion An d Its Negative Effects On Aquatic Skin1139 Words   |  5 Pages Ozone Depletion and Its Negative Effects on Aquatic Skin The Ozone is made up of three oxygen molecule joint together by covalent bond (O3) which is mostly found in the stratosphere of the Earth. Although it is a poisonous gas, it is important in many ways for human as well as other aquatic and terrestrial animals. But due to the large emission of the halogens and CFCs ozone is being depleted rapidly (Vermishev and Danilov-Danilyan 360-361). The enormous disadvantage of the ozone layer depletionRead MoreThe Effects Of Uvb Waves On Dna Bases1157 Words   |  5 Pagesfor you, they say that because they know that too much sunlight causes cancer. Skin cancer is caused by mutations caused by ultraviolet radiation. This Ultraviolet radiation is detrimental to the human body. Ultraviolet radiation has been established as a genotoxic agent. A genotoxic agent is a chemical agent that damages genetic information within the cell. This causes a mutation and the mutation may lead to cancer ( Bianchi, J. et al. 2013). But what exactly is ultra violet radiation? The sunlightRead MoreTechnology And The Medical Field Advances875 Words   |  4 Pagesfound. With modern medicine, many diseases became curable. However, DNA mutations diseases where it survive and passed through our DNA to many generation can be difficult to cure and tracked. For instance, type two diabetes could be inherited from the family. According to Joslin Diabetes center (2016), if a person has parents with diabetes, it is more likely to develop a type two diabetes than other people. In addition, DNA mutations could develop a cancer. As National Cancer Institute (March 14th,Read MoreUnit Title: Biochemistry Of Nucleic Acids.(A.C. 5.1 And1583 Words   |  7 PagesUnit Title: Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids (A.C. 5.1 and 5.2) The human body is made up of trillions of cells and each cell has a nucleus, filled inside with chromosomes made of a long string of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) wrapped around a special protein called histone (American cancer society 2014). According to Cancer Research UK (2014) DNA by itself is made up of thousands of genes, which are a coded message that tell the cell how to behave and divide. As such if the signals are missing, cellsRead MoreDisadvantages Of Mitochondrial Dna911 Words   |  4 Pagesthe mitochondrial genome, despite its small size, is crucial for the study of human evolution and disease, as mtDNA mutations lead to some serious diseases. Mitochondrial DNA is just a small part of the genome. It is a double-stranded circular DNA molecule encoding sequences of 13 polypeptides, which are critical to respiration, as well as 24 RNA. MtDNA consists of 16,569 nucleotide pairs, 44 percent of MtDNR are G+C. DNA chains differ from each other in nucleotide composition: in the heavy chain

Outcomes of the Crusades Free Essays

The â€Å"Crusades† was a military campaign of Christians in Western Europe whose purpose is to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Roman Catholic Church stimulated most of the support for the war, showing its intolerance to both Islam and Orthodox Christianity. Although religious in nature, the Crusades had become a bloody frenzy. We will write a custom essay sample on Outcomes of the Crusades or any similar topic only for you Order Now Six military campaigns comprised the period, starting from the First Crusade in 1096, inspired by Pope Urban II, and ending in the Sixth Crusade in 1254, led by the king of France, King Louis IX. To this day, the Crusades is still a controversial because of the military excesses during the battles. However, many outcomes came out of the movement: First, the European horizon expanded; second, the encounters with the different cultures promoted learning as well as commerce between different civilizations; third, as a result of the eastern influence, there was growth in western scholasticism and philosophy; and fourth, it sparked a dangerous concept adapted in monarchy and politics. Among the noted significance of the first crusades was the increased contacts between the Europeans and the Byzantines and Muslims. During this time, the Byzantine was already beginning to decline and Islam was not as powerful as it once was, although still a formidable force. As regards the original intention of the Crusades, the Christians’ success of having Jerusalem under their control never reached permanence. However, the first crusades effected the expansion of Europe, meaning it gained more strength than other competing civilizations did. Moreover, there became a balance of power between the Muslims and the Christians. During the First Crusade, supporters of the movement, such as those from Pisa and Genoa, sailed the Mediterranean Sea to bring help to Jerusalem. As a result, the sea was again reopened to western shipping, and, in turn, communication was reestablished between the east and west. Although at several points the Christians ruled over the Holy Land, Muslims were able to conquer it again in the 12th century. However, the Christians continued to hold power over the sea. Thus, the ports in the countries such as Levant in the border of the sea were under their control. The number of commercial establishments grew rapidly in the ports of Syria and Egypt, and the Christians held autonomy over operations in the areas of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily, which were originally controlled by the Saracens (Riley-Smith 85). The sea routes were open for trade, allowing products of Asia to come in. In short, the Crusades opened the lines of communication and exchange of knowledge between the eastern and western civilizations through the trade. This made a significant contribution to the development of Europe in terms of both knowledge and economy. Some of the practices of Muslim science, literature and philosophy, as well as medicine had found its way to Christian tradition (Riley-Smith 87). In time, the crusading movements were divided into two groups: the external Crusades and the internal Crusades. The former was directed mainly against Muslims, whereas the latter was a war against the perceived enemies of the Christian world. Unfortunately, the development of the internal Crusades enforced a violent thinking—that is, violence is sanctified in ideological pursuits. The Crusades was originally a war to retrieve the Holy Land, but the concept of sanctified violence extended to the monarchy and the political sphere. What used to be the holy cause of defending the Church became a moral duty of defending the state (Riley-Smith 90). Indeed, the Crusades was a crucial moment in history, and one that people can learn from. That is, the good things that came out of it should be emulated, and its detrimental effects should serve as a warning to modern society. Works Cited Riley-Smith, Jonathan. â€Å"The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading†. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1991. 85-96. How to cite Outcomes of the Crusades, Papers

Ethics Training In Organization-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Is Formal Ethics Training in Organizations Merely Cosmetic? Answer: Introduction Ethics is concerned as the assessment of good and bad moral standards. It facilitates to identify the nature of an individual or actions. Ethics is enhancing actively by using various theories and experience. Ethics in not applicable on an individual behavior but also it have impact on the business. Business ethics involve norms and standards of conduct governing in the place of work. This essay will be reflected in against way of formal ethics training in organization merely cosmetics. The training of ethics in the workplace is able to create the positive environment at the workplace. As consequences, it has been found that the morale of staff is enhanced and they get ready to help each other. It will be reflecting different theories and models which will help to define the importance of ethics training in the organization. The model can be management morality, ethical decision and behavior and moral philosophy. There are so many advantages of ethics training in the organization and this essay will show the necessity of ethics training within the organization. It has so many advantages. It is necessary for the organization to implement the training of formal ethical programming so that company as well as employee can avoid potential scandals and liabilities Ethical decisions are not that much simple, the definition of ethical is complex. As it has been studied, philosopher argues about the right decision of making ethical decision. In the situation of conflicts, normative frameworks should be involved. It has been analyzed that normative theory has concepts that is the right and the morally good. The concept of right refers roughly behave and comprised with two concepts of action and duty which is considered as wrong not to do. On the other hand the concept of morally good refers smoothly behave which comprises with value and kindness which is considered as the right way to perform ones job. Normative theories have two concepts that are Teleological and Deontological. It included consequentiality framework and deontological framework which consisting the benefits and harms to society of a possible decision (Trevio, Nieuwenboer, and Kish-Gephart, 2014). Along with that deontological framework included the principles of ethics such as rights and justice which is necessary to emphasize the integrity of morality. To being ethical, it is necessary to aware about moral awareness. Moral awareness is considered as the tendency to pay attention in ambiguous situations with moral behavior. I t makes aware someone from harm situation against ideal self state (MacDougall, Bagdasarov, Johnson and Mumford, 2015). Ethical training is necessary for every organization because it is the way which makes aware employees of particular company about the ethics of the company. Psychological approach helps to decide that what is right or what is wrong. It has been stated by Delaney and Sockell, (2012), that decision maker should engage in the process of ethical judgments. Employees of the organization should aware about the ethical nature of the situation. Ethical Awareness Ethical Judgment Ethical Action Initial step as per psychological approach is ethical awareness which include ethical decision making. With the help of ethical awareness, a person identifies a situation of issues are one that arise concern of ethical and must be though about in ethical terms. This step should be taken as an important form bot for granted. It has been stated by Kaptein, M., 2015, that sometimes people are not aware about their surroundings that they are facing an issue with overtones of ethical. For ethical judgments process it is necessary to aware about the issue as an ethical one. To concise ethical awareness one example of work related will be shown below. For instance, if I appointed in a financial service industry. One afternoon, my manager calls me and says that he has to leave early to attend urgent function of his family, and for this he give me responsibility to be on the lookout for an important check that my boss wants signed before the accomplishment of the day. He tells me to do favor for me which was simply sign on the check by his name and forward it to his boss. For me it is a straightforward request. But if I got trained formal ethical training, I would immediately aware about the ethical situation. My manager asked me to engage in forgery which is seriously ethical lapse, especially in ten term of financial industry where is the sign of an individual keep a lot of importance and trust (Ford and Richardson, 2013). With the help of formal ethical training manager of the organization can encourage employees to be more ethically aware through giving training and by sharing issue of employees regarding the ethical issues they are likely to face and try to know the reason that why these issues are becoming so ethically problematic. Figure 1: Ethics decision and behavior model Source :( IBE, 2016) Ethical decision making defines the process of analyzing and opting among alternatives in an effective consistent with ethical principles. The above model of ethical decision making is shown that the characteristics of an individual and organizational has some stages which involve moral awareness, moral judgments, intent and moral behavior. It has been stated by IBE, an ethic based culture will be promoted by the governance of ethics program. It works to engage ethical values in the decision of ethical behavior, operations and process. Subsequently ethics training instills important ethical values such as integrity and accountability within its employees (Warren, et. al., 2014). As per APS physics, there are some case studies which is belong to ethical issues and show the requirement of formal ethics training. The topic of case studies is conflict of interest, data acquisition, mentoring, health and safety and educational concern. In the context of conflict of interest, it has been found by APS Task Force on Ethics Education that there are so many situations has been arisen in which we could stand to benefit personally. Appointment, promotion, demotion, appraisal, salary increment are considered from the perspective of conflict of interest. It is required for the organization to have the knowledge about the ethics training so that one can make aware oneself about ethic behavior and can take action against any issues. Data is the big asset of any organization and it is necessary for every employee to know the importance of data of the company and an individual. It is important to keep the information with full of privacy so that important information could no t get revealed out (Svensson, Wood and Callaghan, 2015). The important information of the company in the wrong hands can be wide issues to its future. Formal ethical training is not merely cosmetic, it helps to learn trainee about ethics of the company in which importance of important components are included. In the case study of educational concern it has been observed that education concern can be less experience, less status and less education. These can take form of conflicts within an organization. Formal ethics training is the training which helps them to learn that each employee has responsibility and he or she has been hired for working. Therefore, it is important to give respect to others otherwise punishment will be there. These kinds of things should be involved in the formal ethics training so that one could not get defamed because of less status (Warren, Gaspar and Laufer, 2014). Health and safety is prior in comparison of anything else. It has been mentioned in the cas e study of APS Task Force on Ethics Education that it is essential to have training that prepares employee of the organization for the hazards that they may face during performing their task. Formal ethics training is the concept which involves laws and regulations regarding healthy and safety. There are so many activities which is done in many organization unethically. The examples of unethical company are Enron, Satyam, Google and many more. It has been while researching that the leaders of Enron are involved in the practice of malicious to gain short term financial goals. Financial tweaking has been done by them to enhance the performance Enron. Unethical practices such as sale million of dollars stock at a premium price and force employees to do work overtime is done by Enron which is considered as a part of unethical behavior. Due to these huge sales, the prices of stock began to drop. Kenneth Lay is the manager of Enron who promised false commitment to his employees. He is the liable person behind the bankruptcy of Enron. From the mentioned case it has been proved that Kenneth Lay is not a moral manager because of his unethical behavior such as tweaking performance. Apart from that there is another case of Satyam Company which is found in engaged with unethical behavior. It is the company that found in Indias biggest accountancy fraud. It is the case regarding corporate governance and fraudulent auditing practices not only with auditors but also chartered accountant. It is a fraud which is considered as unethical behavior because it misled the market by showing the healthy position of Satyam. It has been made fake invoice and bills to show the well positioned of company in outside. Due to his nature the leader of its company B Ramalinga Raju, his two brothers and seven others to seven years in prison in the fraud case of Satyam. Figure 2: detecting and handling ethical issues Source: (Lefkowitz, 2017). It has been found in survey that if the company handles the situations of ethical issues will be successful in comparison of those companies that detect ethical issues. Formal ethical training is the boon for organization because it enhances the productivity of the employee. An ethical issue is a component of necessity in the organization, there is requirements to handle effectively. A business is considered as ethics if business tries to accomplish the task between pursuing objectives of economics and social obligations. Business ethics is necessary because it helps to develop trust so that an organization can flour profitably and maintain good reputations. Company sounds ethical if the relationship of company with their stakeholders is effective and if their stakeholders have trust on them. It has been observed during research that there must be effective corporate governance to control or remove the unethical issues and their activities. Unethical issues can be bribery, coercion, insider training, conflicts of interest, and unfair discrimination, accumulation of profits and political donations and gifts. Ethical organizations are based on the fair result and principles and behave towards their employee remains equal. There are some categories has been discussed of code of ethics for employees (Trevino and Nelson, 2016). In first category it has been mentioned that employee should be a dependable organization citizen (Mulhearn, Steele, Watts, Medeiros, Mumford and Connelly 2017). In second category of business code of ethics describe that employee of the organization should not do that work which comes under unlawful and unfair. To maintain the business ethics it is necessary for the employee to be good to customers and suppliers. A positive reputation of an organization helps to keep the customers and retain employees. With the help of interesting employees who eager to work with organization can attract a much more eligible pool of potential employees. Employees with effective qualification and experienced can help organization meet its goals in easy manner. Most of the benefits attained from business ethics are the goals of corporate governance ((Ruiz-Palomino and Martnez-Caas, 2014). Thus we can say that business ethics have impact on corporate governance. There are certain steps which is required for effective implementation. Code of ethics should be distributed comprehensively to the employees. Employees of the organization should be assisted in interpr eting and understanding the business ethics code. Management role in the organization should be clear while implementing the ethics of code. Employees of the organization should aware about their responsibility and overall objective of the business code of ethics. Encourage them through providing effective formal ethics training (Capaldi, Schmidpeter, Zu, and Fifka, 2015) Conclusion Thus far, we emphasized ethical behavior within the organization. It has been concluded that we have argued and discussed about ethical behavior and its importance at work. Along with that the discussion on psychology of ethical decision making has been made. To make the relationship outside the organization it is required to focus more explicitly on the bonding between the organization and its external stakeholders. To make the difference between internal organizational ethics and external social responsibility, corporation responsibility is necessary. Ethical reason for corporate social responsibility argues that organization, as a component of society, have to behave ethically. References APS Task Force on Ethics Education, e.d., Ethics case studies, retrieved on 11TH August 2017 from: https://www.aps.org/programs/education/ethics/upload/Ethics-Case-Studies-Teacher-Edition.pdf. Capaldi, N., Schmidpeter, R., Zu, L. and Fifka, M.S., 2015, Dictionary of corporate social responsibility CSR, sustainability, ethics and governance. Delaney, J.T. and Sockell, D., 2012, Do company ethics training programs make a difference? An empirical analysis.Journal of business Ethics,11(9), pp.719-727. Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., 2013. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. IBE, 2016, How to build an ethical culture, Retrieved on 5 Aug 2017 from: https://www.ibe.org.uk/how-to-build-an-ethical-culture/76/52. Kaptein, M., 2015, The effectiveness of ethics programs: The role of scope, composition, and sequence,Journal of business ethics,132(2), pp.415-431. Lefkowitz, J., 2017,Ethics and values in industrial-organizational psychology, Taylor Francis. MacDougall, A.E., Bagdasarov, Z., Johnson, J.F. and Mumford, M.D., 2015, Managing workplace ethics: An extended conceptualization of ethical sensemaking and the facilitative role of human resources, InResearch in Personnel and Human Resources Management(pp. 121-189). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Mulhearn, T.J., Steele, L.M., Watts, L.L., Medeiros, K.E., Mumford, M.D. and Connelly, S., 2017, Review of instructional approaches in ethics education,Science and engineering ethics,23(3), pp.883-912. Ruiz-Palomino, P. and Martnez-Caas, R., 2014, Ethical culture, ethical intent, and organizational citizenship behavior: The moderating and mediating role of personorganization fit,Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.95-108. Steele, L.M., Mulhearn, T.J., Medeiros, K.E., Watts, L.L., Connelly, S. and Mumford, M.D., 2016, How do we know what works? A review and critique of current practices in ethics training evaluation,Accountability in research,23(6), pp.319-350. Svensson, G., Wood, G. and Callaghan, M., 2015, Codes of Ethics in Swedens Largest Marketing Corporations: Communicating the Ethos of the Code Within the Organisation. InAssessing the Different Roles of Marketing Theory and Practice in the Jaws of Economic Uncertainty(pp. 338-342), Springer, Cham. Trevino, L.K. and Nelson, K.A., 2016,Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right, John Wiley Sons. Trevio, L.K., den Nieuwenboer, N.A. and Kish-Gephart, J.J, 2014, (Un)ethical behavior in organizations,Annual Review of Psychology,65, pp.635-660. Warren, D.E., Gaspar, J.P. and Laufer, W.S., 2014, Is formal ethics training merely cosmetic? A study of ethics training and ethical organizational culture, Business Ethics Quarterly, 24(1), pp.85-117